Quantum Frog — emergent cooperation in quantized-time game
Researchers built a two-player cooperative game where time advances only when a player moves, inspired by Frogger. Two agents must navigate an 8×8 grid of traffic together to reach the opposite side.
Using reinforcement learning, the team measured how cooperation emerges: the gap between independent and joint play, optimal single-agent strategy, difficulty scaling with traffic density, and the joint strategy agents learn under cooperation incentives.